动词是英语学习的中流砥柱，非谓语动词更是热点、考点，非谓语动词作状语则是被运用得最多的。非谓语动词作状语的正确运用体现了英语水平的扎实。在教学中，如果把几个易错点让学生掌握好，让学生用正确方法思考，不仅避免非谓语动词作状语时张冠李戴，还可以使学生领悟非谓语动词作状语与作其他成分的区别，达到有的放矢的应用解题。
1、 位置问题。
(1) 非谓语动词作状语放在句首，一般会有逗号与主句隔开。
To complete the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. (2009 天津，4)
Encouraged by the advances in the technology, many farmers have set up wide farms on their land. (2009 天津，4)
Tired but excited, tourists rushed to the adventurous activities.
Tired but excited tourists rushed to the adventurous activities. (定语)
(2) 非谓语动词作状语放在句末，有无标点，含义常不同。
They worked hard in school to enter a key college. （表目的）
They worked hard in school, entering a key college. （表结果）
They worked hard in school, just / only to find it in vain. （表意想不到的结果）
He was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （表伴随）
Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made working in the restaurant. （表时间）
2、 逻辑主语应准确。
非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，非谓语动词的动作与主句的主语应有正确的逻辑关系：主谓或动宾关系，否则表达出来的句子就是错句。
(误) Reading the letter, tears came to her eyes.
(正) Reading the letter, she started to cry.
(误) To find the information, the entire book was read.
(正) To find the information, I had to read the entire book.
(误) Once lost, one can not get such a good chance.
(正) Once lost, such a chance will never come back.
3、非谓语动词形式的混淆。
（1）doing 和having done
a. in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (2008安徽，30)
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
析：选B。非谓语动词作时间状语，逻辑主语是he，与walk为主谓关系；且walk的动作与谓语could feel 是同时或几乎同时发生，故用Walking。
b. in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008福建，22)
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
析：选C。非谓语动词作时间状语，逻辑主语是the old man，与wait为主谓关系；且wait的动作明显比谓语realized先发生，故用Having waited。
(2) doing和 done
their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.(2008天津，4)
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
析：选C。非谓语动词作伴随状语，逻辑主语是the fans of the winning team，与throw为主谓关系；而 B. Thrown 表示与逻辑主语the fans of the winning team 是动宾关系。
(3) done, having done 和having been done
a. twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.( 2009北京，34)
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
析：选B。A. Being bitten “正在被咬”，极少作状语；B. Bitten “被咬了”，表示被动或完成的动作 在此作原因状语； C. Having bitten “已经咬了”表示已经完成的动作；D. To be bitten “为了被咬”表示目的。
b. many times, he still didn’t understand it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
析：选D。非谓语动词作让步状语，逻辑主语是he，与tell为动宾关系；且tell的动作明显比谓语understand 先发生，故用Having been told；而A. Told 侧重表示动宾关系； B. Telling 表示主谓关系；C. Having told 虽表示“告诉”比“理解”先发生，但与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。
(4) to do 作状语放在句首，只表示目的。
The project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南，30)
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
析：选D。句意：为了按计划完成项目，我们每天得多工作两小时。
因此，在教与学过程中，只有弄懂非谓语动词作状语的位置特点，把握逻辑关系，明晰非谓语动词各种形式的表达意义，才能遇题迎难而上，真正学好非谓语动词这一重要语法。